什么是原子的极化态polariton state

什么是原子的极化态polariton state

是polariton？还是polarization？
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1、原子是中性的，neutral；
这里的中性是指它的正电荷的中心跟负电荷的中心是重合的；
正电荷处于球状对称分布，负电荷也同样处于求转对称分布；
(spherical distribution)
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2、当中性的原子 atom，处于电场中，通常会发生位移极化
(polarization)，成为二极子 dipole，也就是偶极子。
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3、无论是电偶极子，还是磁偶极子，它们之间的作用中，或
跟光的作用中，polariton 就是设想出来的准粒子、类粒子、
半粒子 = quasiparticle，完全类同于光子这个准粒子的概念。
电磁相互作用、光电相互作用，变成了交换 polariton = 极化子。
极化子的翻译比较牵强附会。
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无论是电偶极子，还是磁偶极子，它们之间的作用中，或 跟光的作用中，polariton 就是设想出来的准粒子、类粒子、 半粒子 = quasiparticle，完全类同于光子这个准粒子的概念。 电磁相互作用、光电相互作用，变成了交换 polariton = 极化子。 极化子的翻译比较牵强附会。 . polaritonics 已经成为一门学科，尤其在microcavity的研究中， polariton 是极为平常的概念。 . 下面是维基的解释： in physics, polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation. they are an expression of the common quantum phenomenon known as level repulsion, also known as the avoided crossing principle. polaritons describe the crossing of the dispersion of light with any interacting resonance. . polaritonics is an intermediate regime between photonics and sub-microwave electronics. in this regime, signals are carried by an admixture of electromagnetic and lattice vibrational waves known as phonon-polaritons, rather than currents or photons. since phonon-polaritons propagate with frequencies in the range of hundreds ofgigahertz to several terahertz, polaritonics bridges the gap between electronics and photonics. a compelling motivation for polaritonics is the demand for high speed signal processing and linear and nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy. polaritonics has distinct advantages over electronics, photonics, and traditional terahertz spectroscopy in that it offers the potential for a fully integrated platform that supports terahertz wave generation, guidance, manipulation, and readout in a single patterned material. polaritonics, like electronics and photonics, requires three elements: robust waveform generation, detection, and guidance and control. without all three, polaritonics would be reduced to just phonon-polaritons, just as electronics and photonics would be reduced to just electromagnetic radiation. these three elements can be combined to enable device functionality similar to that in electronics and photonics.