Cell cycle engineering
This direct approach has also been used to manipulate the cell cycle genes to increase or decrease proliferation rate and thereby to enhance productivity. When c-myc gene transfected into CHO cells a significant increase in proliferative rate of CHO cell line is demonstrated (Ifandi and Al-Rubeai 2005). Over-expression of both c-myc and bcl-2 resulted in a cell line with increased proliferation and maximum cell densities while a decrease in apoptosis was achieved (Ifandi and Al-Rubeai 2005). Another cell cycle associated gene, p21, has had its potential for inducing cytostasis exploited. Research has shown that by using an inducible p21CIP1 vector a 4 fold increase in antibody productivity resulted in a suspension NS0 culture (Watanabe et al. 2002). Further work showed that this engineered cell line had an increased cell volume, ribosomal protein S6, mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial mass when induced suggesting that p21CIP1induced cell cycle arrest uncouples cell growth from cell cycle progression (Bi et al. 2004). This in-turn was directly related with productivity. Early work with inducing cell arrest was done utilising the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) to regulate cell growth (Kirchhoff et al. 1993; Koester et al. 1995) and increase production in BHK-21 cells via estradiol induction (Kirchhoff et al. 1996). However, this work demonstrated that when using the IRF-1 cytostatic gene the main task is keeping the viability high as this has a tendency to decrease with time. By controlling the addition and removal of estradiol, hence modulate IRF-1 activity, it is possible to overcome the loss in viability (Carvalhal et al. 2001). Other studies have also investigated the use of cytostatic genes on CHO cells secreting alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) with similar effects of higher productivity when cell are growth arrested (Carvalhal et al. 2003; Mazur et al. 1998). An example is the use of the p27KIP1 gene induced by acetylaldehyde gas which allowed increased SEAP production in HEK.EBNA cells (Werner et al. 2006). Apart from the control of cell cycle by the p27KIP1 gene, the use of acetylaldehyde as an inducing agent has several advantages in terms of low cost, precise fine tuning of transgene expression (Weber et al. 2004), the use of concentrations below observable toxicities (Hartenbach and Fussenegger 2005; Weber et al. 2005b), and ease of removal prior to downstream processing (Weber et al. 2005a).
谁能给我翻译一下生物工程专业文献
答案:2 悬赏:80
解决时间 2021-02-21 13:45
- 提问者网友:江山如画
- 2021-02-20 15:50
最佳答案
- 二级知识专家网友:悲观垃圾
- 2021-02-20 16:34
建议你上谷歌语言工具自动翻译
得到大概的意思后,慢慢的把一些不对的地方改过来,因为有很多是专业词汇,最好能有专业的翻译字典,没那个心情帮你翻译
得到大概的意思后,慢慢的把一些不对的地方改过来,因为有很多是专业词汇,最好能有专业的翻译字典,没那个心情帮你翻译
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- 1楼网友:不羁的心
- 2021-02-20 17:13
这种辛苦事还是自己干,比较好。别人翻译了你也不放心。
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