介词在句子中的作用和结构（英语中）

介词在一句话中是否会被归纳为任何的句法，eg： 状语活定语
希望能详细解答加上例子
谢谢！！！

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。

介词短语作状语
1）介词短语作状语时最多，主要修饰谓语：
I arrived at the concert hall in good time.我及时到达了音乐厅。
At first he opposed the marriage, but in the end he gave his consent.起先他反对这门亲事，但最后同意了。
He has been here since Monday.从星期一起，他一直在这里。
Bake it for two hours.把它烘烤两小时。
They flew (cycled) from Pairs to Rome.他们乘飞机（骑自行车）从巴黎到罗马。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
2）“be+形容词”这种结构也常跟介词短语：
She is afraid of dogs.她怕狗。
We were eager for news.我们急于得到消息。
I'm not so bad at bridge.我打桥牌还不错。
She is used to a vegetarian diet.她习惯于吃素食。
He is familiar with the district.他对这个地区很熟悉。
I'm sorry about the air tickets.机票的事我很抱歉。
3）还可用介词短语修饰非谓语动词：
I asked to speak to the dean.我要求和院长说话。
I'm sorry to have trodden on your foot.对不起踩了你的脚。
Thank you for doing this for us.谢谢你帮我们做了这事。
There was a bird perching on the television aerial.有只鸟停在电视天线上。
Have you read any plays written by Ibsen? 你读过易卜生写的剧本吗？
Around the city were mountains covered by snow.该城周围是白雪覆盖的群山。

介词短语作定语
1）在不少情况下也可用介词短语作定语：
She seems to know the solution to the problem.她似乎知道这问题的解决方法。
Here is a cheque for $30.这是一张三十美元的支票。
What are the major differences between British English and American English?英国英语和美国英语有什么主要差别？
The house opposite ours was burnt down last week.我们家对面的房子上星期烧毁了。
They lived in a flat above the shop.他们住在那家商店上面的一套公寓里。
The man next to Bill was talking to him in Spanish.比尔旁边的那个人在用西班牙语说话。
2）有些介词常可用引导短语作定语：
of:
a child of six 六岁的孩子 a pupil of English 学英语的学生
a boy of middle height 中等身材的男孩 a lady of character 有个性的女子
a professor of phonetics 语音学教授 men of easy temper 脾气好的男子
with:
a child with dark eyes 黑眼珠的孩子 a boy with red hair 红头发的男孩
a girl with a pigtail 梳辫子的姑娘 a man with a gun 带枪的人
a widow with 3 children 有三个孩子的寡妇a man with a moustache 留着小胡子的男人
in:
the girl in blue 穿蓝衣裳的姑娘 a man in his 40s 四十多岁的男子
a mistake in tactics 战术错误 an exam in math 数学考试
a Ph D in economics 经济学博士 a novel in translation 翻译小说
to:
an answer to a puzzle 谜底 a reply to his letter 给他的复信
damage to the house 对房子的损害 devotion to parents 对父母的热爱
his fidelity to his wife 他对妻子的忠诚 her contribution to science 她对科学的贡献
for:
a war for profits 利润战 a medicine for colds 感冒药
a machine for making boxes 制盒机 a passion for sports 对体育的热爱
enthusiam for music 对音乐的热情 room for improvement 改进的余地
about:
doubts about his ability 对他能力的怀疑 news about their progress 他们进展的消息
illusions about wealth 对财富的幻想 information about Paris 关于巴黎的情况
my opinion about it 我对它的看法 a debate about the question关于这问题的辩论

介词短语作表语或作宾语的补语
1）介词短语用作表语时也很多，几乎大部分常用介词都可这样用：
The museum is just across the street. 博物馆就在街对面。
He knows what she is after. 他知道她追求的是什么。
What's the article about? 这篇文章是讲什么的？
They're always on the lookout for new investment opportunities.他们总在寻找投资机会。
The post office is just round the corner. 邮局就在拐角处。
They have been through too much.他们受的苦太多了。
It's not within my power. 这超出了我的能力。
2）许多介词可构成短语作表语：
at:
He's at odds with his wife. 他和妻子不合。
Bus services were at a halt.公共汽车停驶了。
She's at her worst. 她情绪糟透了。
Summer is at its height. 正值盛夏。
beyond:
The road is beyond that hill. 公路在山那边。
Good advice's beyond price.有益的忠告是无价之宝。
The explanation is beyond me.这解释我不懂。
The results were beyond dispute.结果不容争议。
in:
He's still in danger.他仍在危险期。
All was in ruins. 成了一片废墟。
She's in good health. 她身体很好。
The room is in disorder.房间很乱。
His mind's in confusion.他脑子很乱。
of:
She's of middle height.她中等身材。
He is of feeble will. 他意志薄弱。
He is of a different way of thinking.他是另一种思路。
Is it of any use to you? 这对你有用吗？
on:
He was always on the move.他总是东奔西跑。
He is on guard.他在站岗。
Crimes are on the rise.犯罪率在上升。
She was on piece-work.她在做计件工作。
out of:
I'm a bit out of sorts.我有点不舒服。
He is out of humor.他情绪不佳。
She must be out of her senses.她准是发疯了。
The book is out of print.书已绝版。
under:
He's under forty.他不到四十。
The fort was under attack. 要塞正受到攻击。
The bridge is under construction.桥正在修建。
He was under an anaesthetic.他处于麻醉状态。
3）介词短语有时可作宾语的补语（一道构成复合宾语）：
We found her in better spirits that evening. 那天晚上我们发现她情绪好些了。
They found the boy already in the hands of a doctor.他们发现那男孩已有医生照顾。
He thought it beneath him to do such a thing.他认为这种事不屑一做。
A cold kept him in bed for three days.感冒使他卧床三天。

最好结合例句看其用法： I was the only person【 in my office 定语】who was invited.《The lost necklace》 我是【我办公室】唯一被邀请的人。 Don't just stand 【over there 状语】 looking on! Come over to give a hand. 别【在那儿】傻站着旁观啊！过来搭把手。 【In the morning 状语】,I get up at seven o'clock and go out for a walk. 早晨，我七点起床并出去散步。 祝你开心如意！

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。