教育技术学中数字含义

教育技术学63,70,72,77,94定义，谢谢了

一、1963定义
Audiovisual communications is that branch of educational theory and practice concerned with the design and use of messages which control the learning process. It undertakes (a)the study of the unique and relative strengths and weaknesses of both pictorial and nonrepresentational messages which may be employed in the learning process for any reason; and (b) the structuring and systematizing of messages by men and instruments in an educational environment. These undertaking planning, production, selection, management, and utilization of both components and entire instructional systems. Its practical goal is the efficient utilization of every method and medium of communication which can contribute to the development of the learner’s full potential.
定义内容：
视听传播是教育理论与实践的一个分支，它主要研究对控制学习过程的信息进行设计和使用，包括：(1)研究在有目的的学习过程中可以使用的图像信息和非表征性信息的独特的和相对的优缺点(2)在教育环境中，利用人员和设备将信息结构化、系统化。这些任务包括对整个教学系统及其组成部分的计划、制作、选择、管理和应用。它的实际目标是：有效的使用每一种传播方法和媒体，以开发学习者的全部潜力。（Ely,1963）

二、70定义
Instructional technology can be defined in two ways. In its more familiar sense, it means the media born of the communications revolution which can be used for instructional purpose alongside the teacher, textbook, and blackboard. The second and less familiar definition of instructional technology goes beyond any particular medium or device. In this sense, instructional technology is a systematic way of designing, implementing and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives, based on research in human learning and communication and employing a combination of human and nonhuman resources to bring about more effective instruction (Commission on Instructional Technology)
用两种方式来定义：第一，从较熟悉的意义上来说，教学技术指产生于传播革命中的媒体，这些媒体可以同教师、教科书和黑板一起，用于教学目的……教学技术是由电视、电影、投影仪、计算机以及其他硬件和软件组成的……；第二，“教学技术” ……是一种根据特定目标来设计、实施与评价整个学与教的过程的系统的方法，它以对人的学习和传播的研究为基础，综合运用人力、物力资源，以达到更有效的教学的目的。

三、72定义
Educational technology is a field involved in the facilitation of human learning through systematic identification, development, organization and utilization of a full-range of learning resources and through the management of these processes.
定义内容：
教育技术是这样一个领域，它通过对所有学习资源的系统化鉴别、开发、组织和利用，以及通过对这些过程的管理、来利于人类的学习。

四、77定义
Educational Technology is a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problem and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems involved in all aspects of human learning.
定义内容：
　　教育技术是一个复杂的、整合的过程，它涉及人、程序、思想、设备和组织等多方面，其目的在于对所有与人类学习有关的问题进行分析，并对解决这些问题的方案进行设计、实施、评价和管理。

五、94定义
Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.
定义内容：教学技术是为了促进学习，对相关的过程和资源进行设计、开发、利用、管理和评价的理论与实践。